| Date |
Event |
Brief Description |
| 1786 |
Introduction of new machines |
The Introduction of machinery into the textiles industry had an immediate
impact on the livlihoo of workers. No longer wre they skilled and highly
sought after experts ina field, now a machine could perform the task in
their stead. |
| 1812 |
Workhouses |
The poor of the Parish of Bradford were catered for by a Workhouse
prior to the Poor Law Amendment act.
|
| 1830-1836 |
Typhoid outbreaks |
Between 1830 and 1836 there were 4 major outbreaks of this disease.
|
| 1831 |
Cholera strikes! |
Cholera resulted in over 50,000 deaths in
little over a year. How was 'King Cholera' stopped? |
| 1834 |
Poor Law Commission |
The Poor law is examined and changed
as a result of Industrialisation and pressures on the existing system.
The source material looks at the way in which Huddersfield councillors
reacted to the revised Poor Law.
|
| 1835 |
Municipal Corporations Act |
Town Councils were to be elected. The council was able to collect rates
(taxes) to pay for street lighting, sewage disposal and fresh water. However
an Act of Parliament would be necessary for each council to perform these
tasks. |
| 1837 |
Bradford Woolcombers Report |
A report written about the conditions faced by the Woolcombers
of Bradford. |
| 1842 |
Report on the conditions of workers in
Leeds |
Dr. Robert Baker's report into conditions in the slums
of Leeds. |
| 1842 |
Report on the sanitary Condition
of the Labouring Classes. |
Edwin Chadwick's landmark
study into the health of ordinary people. |
| 1844 |
Health of Towns Association |
This was a body that aimed at improving Public Health. It issued leaflets
and lobbied parliament to improve sanitation. |
| 1844 |
Health in Bradford |
Statistical evidence and contemporary accounts of health
in Bradford in the mid 1840's. |
| 1844 |
Health in Manchester |
A description of conditions in Manchester. |
| 1848 |
Cholera returns |
70,000 perish as Cholera strikes again. |
| 1848 |
Public Health Act |
This act was largely the result of Chadwick's
work and the pressure applied by the health of towns association. It allowed
smaller towns to implement changes to sanitation but was limited in its
overall scope. |
| 1849 |
The Moral Condition of Bradford |
Sir Titus Salt, mayor of Bradford, commissions
a report into the moral condition of Bradford and its inhabitants. |
| 1850 |
Working Conditions in Bradford |
An observation of the conditions endured in Bradford at the height of
the Industrial Revolution. |
| 1851 |
Census figures |
Population and housing figures for the 3 census
returns up to and including 1851 show that population boomed whilst
housing provision lagged behind. |
| 1853 |
Return of Cholera - again! |
Cholera accounts for another 30,000 lives |
| 1854 |
John Snow's work on Cholera
published |
John Snow studied the incidences of Cholera
in Soho, London. he illustrated the fact that there was a very high correlation
between a water pump and the victims of the disease. Removing the pump
dramatically reduced the incidences of Cholera
in the area. This added weight to the argument that Government had to
be involved in maintaining health. |
| 1860 |
Nightingale School of Nursing |
Reports of Florence Nightingale's work
in Scolari, the Crimea, had been published in England by the Times. In
1860 a hospital was opened using her methods, which included cleanliness
and compassion. |
| 1862 |
Bradford Sewage Works |
Bradford opens its first sewage works. As you
will see in the source material, it was much needed! problems continued
however, as the sources illustrate. |
| 1865 |
Germ Theory |
Louis Pasteur proves that Germs exist.
Though opposed by many at the time, this results in the identification
of the cause of many diseases and increases the body of evidence that
shows that water has to be kept clean. |
| 1866 |
Cholera strikes again |
A further 18,000 die of Cholera. |
| 1867 |
Second Reform Act |
Working Class men were given the vote. This increased pressure on parliament
to improve conditions for ordinary people. |
| 1869 |
Royal Sanitary Commission |
Resulted in the Local Government Board Act which placed responsibility
for Public Health on a local authority. This was followed by the 1872
Public Health Act which required the appointment of a medical officer
in each area, to be responsible for sanitation. |
| 1872 |
2nd Public Health Act |
See above |
| 1875 |
3rd Public Health Act |
Made local authorities responsible for lighting, water supply, sewage
disposal, parks, toilets and housing. |
| 1875 |
Artisans and Labourers Dwellings Act |
Gave local authorities the power to demolish areas of housing with inadequate
drainage or sewage disposal facilities. There was no compulsion to do
this though. (Birmingham did, large sections of the city were rebuilt
as a result). |
| 1882 |
Tuberculosis Germ identified |
Robert Koch, a German
scientist identifies the cause of TB, a major killer of the time. |
| 1883 |
Cholera germ identified. |
Robert Koch identifies
the cholera germ. |
| 1890 |
Health in Bradford |
Margaret McMillan's assessment of
Bradford when she visited the town for the first time. Contrasted with
an account of Bradford in the mid-nineteenth century. |
| 1907 |
Report into the health of Children
in Bradford |
A major survey of the impact of school
meals in Bradford. |
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